Lower back pain is common, but sometimes the discomfort does not stay in the back. It may travel through the buttock and down one leg, making walking, sitting, standing, or sleeping uncomfortable. One possible reason for this pattern is sciatica.
Sciatica describes symptoms that occur when the sciatic nerve or its nerve roots become irritated or compressed. It is not a condition by itself, but rather a description of pain and other symptoms following the path of the sciatic nerve.
Understanding what may cause sciatica can help you recognize when professional evaluation may be appropriate.
What Is the Sciatic Nerve?
The sciatic nerve is one of the largest nerves in the body. It begins from nerve roots in the lower spine and travels through the buttocks and down each leg.
Because of its path, irritation involving the nerve or the nerve roots that form it can cause symptoms beyond the lower back.
Sciatica typically affects one side of the body.
What Does Sciatica Feel Like?
Sciatic symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people experience mild discomfort, while others may have significant pain.
Possible symptoms include:
- Pain traveling from the lower back into the buttock and leg
- Burning or shooting pain
- Tingling or pins-and-needles sensations
- Numbness
- Weakness in the affected leg or foot
- Symptoms that become worse with certain movements
The pain may feel different from ordinary muscle soreness because it can follow a particular path through the leg.
What Causes Sciatica?
Several conditions can contribute to sciatic nerve irritation.
Possible causes include:
- Herniated discs
- Degenerative changes in the spine
- Bone spurs
- Narrowing around the spinal nerves
- Certain injuries
- Other conditions that place pressure on nerve structures
Identifying the underlying cause is important because treatment depends on what is actually contributing to the symptoms.
When Should You Seek Care?
Mild symptoms may improve with conservative treatment and time. However, persistent or worsening pain should be evaluated, especially if it interferes with normal activities.
You should seek prompt medical attention if you develop significant or progressive weakness, severe symptoms, or changes involving bladder or bowel control.
A healthcare professional can evaluate your symptoms and determine whether additional testing or imaging may be appropriate.
How Is Sciatica Treated?
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms.
Depending on the individual situation, treatment may include:
- Activity modification
- Physical therapy
- Stretching and strengthening exercises
- Medication when appropriate
- Targeted injections
- Other pain management approaches
- Surgical evaluation in selected cases
Not every person with sciatica needs surgery. The appropriate treatment depends on the underlying condition and how the symptoms are affecting the individual.
Don’t Ignore Pain That Travels Down Your Leg
Pain that travels from your lower back into your leg can make everyday movement difficult. Instead of simply trying to work through recurring symptoms, an evaluation can help determine what may be causing them.
At CWOPS, Center for Wellness Orthopedic, Pain & Spine, our team evaluates and treats a range of spine, nerve, and pain conditions.
If back or leg pain is limiting your daily activities, contact CWOPS at (702) 476-9700 to discuss your symptoms and available treatment options.
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